Which dietary pattern is associated with improved cognitive function in older adults?

The Mediterranean diet is associated with improved cognitive function in older adults due to its rich composition of beneficial nutrients that promote brain health. This diet emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, nuts, and healthy fats, particularly olive oil. These food components provide antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and essential fatty acids, all of which support overall brain function and may reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

Research has shown that adhering to a Mediterranean dietary pattern can be linked to better cognitive performance and a slower rate of cognitive decline, particularly in aging populations. The diet's focus on omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, along with a high intake of fruits and vegetables, contributes to neuroprotection and may enhance neuroplasticity.

Additionally, the Mediterranean diet encourages social eating practices, which can enhance mental well-being and emotional health, indirectly supporting cognitive function by improving mood and social engagement among older adults.

In contrast, other diets like the ketogenic, paleo, and vegetarian diets have varying effects on cognitive health and may not consistently show the same level of association with cognitive improvements as the Mediterranean diet. For example, while the ketogenic diet may provide benefits for specific neurological conditions, it lacks the broader array of nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet that