What characteristic does a Stage 4 pressure ulcer exhibit?

A Stage 4 pressure ulcer is characterized by full thickness tissue loss, which means that not only the skin but also the underlying tissues, such as muscle, fat, and possibly bone, are exposed. This stage signifies a deep wound that often includes damage to the surrounding tissue as well. The presence of necrosis or eschar may also be noted in the wound bed at this stage.

Understanding this characteristic is crucial for recognizing the severity of pressure ulcers. In contrast, partial thickness skin loss indicates a Stage 2 ulcer, while nonblanchable skin is associated with Stage 1, where the skin may be intact but shows signs of damage and does not change color when pressure is applied. Skin that is intact but discolored points to a Stage 1 ulcer as well, rather than a Stage 4. Hence, the defining quality of a Stage 4 ulcer being full thickness tissue loss is essential for effective diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.