What are the signs of dehydration in older adults?

The signs of dehydration in older adults primarily include dry mouth, confusion, and decreased urine output. Dry mouth occurs when the body does not have enough fluids to maintain moisture in oral tissues, leading to a parched sensation. Confusion can be a more significant indicator, as dehydration often affects cognitive function; older adults may exhibit changes in mental status due to reduced blood volume and the subsequent impact on brain function. Decreased urine output is another key sign, as the kidneys conserve water when the body is dehydrated, resulting in less frequent urination.

In contrast, increased appetite and dry skin are not direct indicators of dehydration. Improved concentration and increased urination describe a well-hydrated state rather than signs of dehydration. Frequent headaches and improved skin elasticity also do not reflect dehydration; instead, good hydration typically leads to better skin elasticity. Thus, the signs listed in the correct choice effectively highlight the physiological changes that occur when an older adult is dehydrated.